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Top backend developer interview questions

Top backend developer interview questions for APIs, databases, reliability, security, scalability, and service ownership.

Practice set

Top backend developer questions you are likely to hear

Each prompt includes a quick answer cue so you can practice the shape of the response, not just memorize a script.

01

Question

How would you design an API for a new feature?

Clarify consumers, resource model, validation, errors, versioning, auth, and observability.

02

Question

Tell me about a database design decision you made.

Explain access patterns, data relationships, constraints, indexing, and migration risk.

03

Question

How do you handle slow queries in production?

Discuss query plans, indexes, cardinality, caching, pagination, and measuring impact.

04

Question

How would you make a service more reliable?

Talk about timeouts, retries, idempotency, alerting, graceful degradation, and incident learning.

05

Question

How do you secure an API endpoint?

Cover authentication, authorization, input validation, rate limits, secrets, logging, and least privilege.

06

Question

Tell me about a time you migrated a system safely.

Mention compatibility, backfill, rollout, monitoring, rollback, and communication.

07

Question

How do you choose between synchronous and asynchronous processing?

Discuss user latency, reliability, retry semantics, ordering, and operational complexity.

08

Question

How would you investigate a spike in error rate?

Start with scope, recent deploys, dependencies, logs, traces, and customer impact.

09

Question

What makes an endpoint easy for other engineers to use?

Point to predictable contracts, docs, errors, examples, and stable behavior under edge cases.

10

Question

How do you balance scalability with simplicity?

Show when you defer complexity and what signals would justify a more scalable design.

Pressure moments to expect

  • You need to be precise about reliability without overbuilding the answer.
  • The interviewer asks for edge cases after your first design.
  • You need to explain production tradeoffs clearly.

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